Archaeologists have discovered evidence of life in the Punjab region as early as 7000 B.C. Here a conscious shift in the choice of language as a literary medium is noticeable. Gilchrist's Hindustani later became Urdu which, after standardization, was made the official language of a large part of North India, including Punjab. If we try to understand this situation from a linguistic point of view, the Hindu argument does not remain tenable. The Sikh community, mainly contributing to the development of twentieth-century Punjabi literature, started writing under the influence of Singh Sabha, a Sikh religio-social reform movement which devotes itself to revival. Punjabi is spoken by approximately 88 million native speakers, making it the 11th most widely spoken language in the world. In the wake of the reorganization of Indian states along linguistic lines in the fifties, the Sikh community in Punjab demanded a Punjabi-speaking State, in which Punjabi would be the official language. He may use a Hindi code while conversing with a Hindi speaker, a Hindi/English dominant Punjabi code while talking with an educated Punjabi speaker and a native regional variety code with an uneducated Punjabi speaker. This prompted me to look at Punjabi from UNESCO’s viewpoint. The vernacular papers of both groups, primarily published in Urdu, appealed to their respective communities to show loyalties to their own language. Punjabi, which often spelled as Panjabi, is counted among the most common Indo-Aryan languages in today’s world. [50] The linguistic idiom born out of this situation also testified to a near absence of spontaneous and vital dialogue with intellectual and literary activity in other parts of the country. Most of the people who speak this language live in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India.It is also widely spoken in Haryana, India Himachal Pradesh, India and Delhi, India.It is spoken by the majority of the population of Pakistan. [21] In its origin, the Hindi movement was purely a religio-political or sectarian movement promoted by the Arya Samaj to displace the official status of Urdu in the Persian script due to its association with Muslim communal identity and Hindi's with Hindu revivalism and religious reform. The project was also intended to establish further rapport between the rulers and the "natives. This arrangement continued to exist until India became independent. [3] Since Hindus and Sikhs jointly constituted a minority against the Muslim majority in the British Punjab the Sikhs, by and large, threw in their lot with Hindus. It is the provincial language in the Punjab … Punjabi is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan, the eleventh -most widely spoken in India and spoken Punjabi diaspora in various countries. In doing so, they could not hide their real intentions of forming a Sikh majority state within the Indian Union. your own Pins on Pinterest As a result, Persian continued to occupy the position of the administrative and judicial language. This along with Dogri has been made part of the Pahari Group. [17] The Hindu argument that Punjabi did not have Gurmukhi as its sole script and the script was not as fully developed as Devanagari was also not true. Urdu, Hindi and Hindustani are all literary languages constructed to suit the purposes of literate elites. Its claim mainly rests upon its phonetic system and on its store of words not found in Hindi; both of which characteristics are due to its old lahanda foundation. Being one of the most spoken languages in the world, Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab and the shared state capital Chandigarh. The Punjabi dialects and languages are a series of dialects and languages spoken in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India with varying degrees of official recognition. It was a language spoken in and around Delhi and Meerut. By 1941 communal feelings surged so high and deceptions were so widespread that the mother tongue category was ordered not to be tabulated. Some of the common languages are: Urdu: Urdu is the national language of Pakistan. The official language is Burmese, spoken by the people of the plains and, as a second language, by most people of the hills. The old British spelling “Punjabi” remains in more common general usage than the academically precise “Panjabi.” In the early 21st century there were about 30 million speakers of Punjabi in India. [56] The purpose of this colonial survey was to find a suitable language to replace Persian as the official language. Vocabulary. Previous governments in the area of the Punjab had favoured Persian, Hindustani, or even earlier standardised versions of local registers as the language of the court or government. The cumulative result was non-commitment by the successive governments at the center, repeated betrayals and non-implementation of agreements, police repression, etc. The Punjabi-Hindi conflict in the fifties and sixties, by and large, revolved around three issues. Hindi became the all-India language, a position it shared with English, and the main language of Hindu nationalism. During this period, Sikhs asserted themselves as a separate entity in competition with Hindus through the Punjabi language. The idea behind the project of Gilchrist was not to create an instrument of wider communication for the people of India. Punjabi is spoken by approximately 88 million native speakers, making it the 11th most widely spoken language in the world. It is important to note that against the scenario created by Sikh literature in the spirit of revivalism, Punjabi language and literature strived to adopt secular themes. [51] The Punjabi language, due to the inhibitive impact of the neo-religious Sikh literary movement, expressed secular ideas coming through the Western world at the start of the British period until the writings of Prof. Puran Singh, Dhani Ram Chatrik, Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, etc., appeared. Punjabi Hindus took up the cause of Hindi with such great passion that they abjured their links with Punjabi as their mother tongue. The Punjabi suba movement and its campaign for a maha Punjab had major forums in Prabhat owned by Master Tara Singh and Pratap owned by Lala Jagat Narain. Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region both in Pakistan and India as well as in their Diasporas. Punjabi is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan, the 11th most widely spoken language in India and the third most-spoken native language in the Indian subcontinent . Information on a wide variety of Languages courses across India in just one click As a tiny minority, the Sikhs previously had a deep and symbiotic relationship with the Hindu community at large. It produced the literary likes of Dostoyevsky, Nabokov, Chekhov, Gogol, Tolstoy and … It is the medium of everyday communication in the Indian state of Punjab. Sanskrit With just over 24,000 native speakers, Sanskrit is India’s least widely spoken scheduled language but that doesn’t mean it isn’t important. The Sikhs urged fellow-Sikhs to record their mother tongue as Punjabi. The state accounts for a population density of 551 persons per km 2. [15] The discussions by Grierson and Gumperz enable an objective observer to understand that certain arguments advanced by Hindi proponents against the status of Punjabi are incorrect. [42] Conversely, Hindus began to lose interest in the Braj classical literature of Punjab because it was transcribed in Gurmukhi, a script identified with Punjabi and the Sikh Gurus. Jun 12, 2019 - This Pin was discovered by 3D Art & Visualization. As Punjabi Hindus were mainly a mercantile urban middle class, they were enthusiastic users of Urdu. [63] After two decades of struggle by the Sikhs, the linguistic division in Punjab was made on communal lines granting the Sikhs a Sikh-majority state excluding vast Punjabi speaking territories outside. With Partition, Urdu emerged as the official language of Pakistan and the Muslim minority within India. "[62] The resulting consequence has been the infusion of religion with language identification in Punjab. [22] Both sides saw this as a manifestation of the Hindu-Muslim communal conflict. In the medieval period of Punjabi literary history, secular themes found their expression mainly in Qissa poetry. Punjabi is a descendant of Sauraseni, which is a name for one of the languages spoken in Northern India in the medieval period. The structure was established to an extent during the times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and acknowledged by the poet Shah Muhammad in his Jangnamah mabein Sikhan te Frangian (a narrative describing wars between the British and the Sikhs). But this did not happen. According to the poet, Punjabis are guilty of neglecting their mother tongue. Friday, 30 October 2015 Dialects of Punjabi Language and Actual Spoken Areas in Punjab. Punjabi poets in 1920s and 1930s were especially attracted to the idea of Punjabi nationalism. Baldev Raj Nayar in his book Minority Politics in Punjab observes that there is a proliferation of caste groups in Punjab, but caste as a social phenomenon is not as strong in Punjab (except in the Haryana area) as it is in some other parts of India. Discover (and save!) The resolution was moved by Cabinet Minister Charanjit Singh Channi and appealed to the Speaker to make the Punjabi language mandatory in all state government institutions and the functioning of the courts should also be ensured in Punjabi. [71] They made supreme sacrifices in the fight for freedom against British colonial rule and had identified their destiny after Independence with India. Such an unrestrained power struggle, in turn, has been a crucial driving force behind the descent toward anarchy.[73]. Languages Courses in Punjab . Whereas the Akalis won Sikh support by raising pro-Sikh issues and unsettling post-Punjabi suba disputes, the Congress government at the center played communal games to achieve its narrow political ends. In the Indian Punjab, language confrontation shifted from Urdu-Hindi to Hindi-Punjabi soon after the question of deciding the state language arose. That doesn’t even include Eastern Punjabi, which is spoken in India. First, the intense literary activity generated by the Sikh movement as it sought self-definition converged with the desire to acquire a proper status for Punjabi. Under the influence of the Arya Samaj they declared Hindi as their language. Saraiki was included in Punjabi in 1951 and 1961 census. Modern Punjabi vocabulary has been influenced by other languages, including Urdu, Hindi, Persian, Arabic, Sanskrit and English. The Punjabi language follows the Gurmukhi script that flourished 17th century onwards. [41] This change indicates a loss of interest in Braj bhasha which came to be considered more a part of Hindu literary and cultural heritage, though poetic narratives in the Gurmukhi variety of Braj centered around the life of Sikh Gurus. There is no denying that Punjabi was written in Gurmukhi, Persian characters and Devanagari; but it was Gurmukhi which was being used by both Hindus and Sikhs for writing their literature. Punjabi: is the official language of Punjab which is spoken by the people of Punjab 20. The Connecting Language. [28] The atmosphere of mutual hatred and mistrust, fanned by intense communal sentiments, further complicated matters. Punjabi language, Punjabi also spelled Panjabi, one of the most widely spoken Indo-Aryan languages. As a result of the 1961 census, the Hindi movement succeeded in reducing the declared number of Punjabi speakers to a minority in the state for the first time in the history of the census. Both advocates of Punjabi and Hindi at one time were willing to accept, on the basis of the Sachar Formula or Regional Formula, that Hindi speaking areas could be differentiated from the rest of the Punjab. Caste was much less pernicious in the Punjab than elsewhere in India and functioned more as class did in European communities. It is the native language of the Punjabi people who inhabit the historical Punjab region of Pakistan and India. The language divide in Punjab has another interesting aspect. In retrospect, therefore, there is little doubt that a more self-assured or more enlightened leader could have put the conflict in Punjab on a different track. [64] The Punjabi identity is gradually veering to a posture of growing isolation from the national mainstream. In Pakistan it is the daily language of about two-thirds of the population, or 80 million people, though Urdu … Punjab is one of the 14 regional languages recognized in the Indian constitution. In other parts of India, linguistic conflict has been strong and persistent, but nowhere else has a situation like that in Punjab developed. After Independence, as a result of the partition of India, most of the Muslim population from Punjab migrated to Pakistan and similarly the entire Sikh population together with most of the Hindus from west Punjab migrated to the Indian Punjab. It is the native language of the Punjabi people, an ethnolinguistic group of the cultural region of Punjab, which encompasses northwest India and eastern Pakistan. [72] Though the militancy in Punjab cannot be condoned, the deep gash inflicted on the Sikh psyche by the bloody drama hurt and anguished the community beyond measure. Doabi, spoken in Eastern Punjab Kangri, spoken by the Kangri people of North-western India. Through the Hindi-Urdu controversy, Lajpat Rai learned his first lesson of `Hindu nationalism' and became convinced that political solidarity demanded the spread of the Hindi language in Devanagari script. [36] Their reputation as the lions of the Punjab was supported by the wide respect and affection with which they were seen throughout India. Most of these minority groups later opted for demands of statehood autonomy with special status. It is the official language of Punjab, a state in India. Despite Punjabi's rich literary history, it was not until 1947 that it would be recognised as an official language. Consequently, both Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus were deprived of a linguistic state of their own though they constituted a major linguistic group in India. English: Official language Punjabi: Mainly spoken in the province of Punjab Sindhi: Mainly spoken … English: Official language Punjabi: Mainly spoken in the province of Punjab Sindhi: Mainly spoken in … In Pakistan, Punjabi language is spoken by around 70 million souls, mostly in Punjab province. The Hindi movement in nineteenth-century Punjab was led by Punjabi Hindus, themselves educated in English and Urdu. When the British colonialists occupied the Punjab they imposed two foreign languages English and Urdu. Punjabi is in the top ten most spoken languages in the world. [65] Long outstanding issues such as the transfer of Chandigarh to Punjab, the allocation of river waters and the inclusion of Punjabi speaking areas left out of new Punjab have languished until now.[66]. Kashmiri, Shina, Balti, and Khowar are few such vernaculars. The clientele in this case was not indigenous but were the officers of the East India Company. In the urban areas the census operations were being accompanied by the shouts of 'Har Har Mahadev' by Hindu groups and 'Sat Sri Akal' by Sikhs, charging the political atmosphere with intense emotion. The primary native language is Punjabi (being the most spoken language of Punjab province), but Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and so is dominant in education and literature. It should have been natural for Punjabi to take its place for the simple reason that it was the spoken language of the people. Police atrocities, fake encounters, and the abrogation of basic human rights in Punjab all further complicated the situation. Speakers of Dogri and Kangri have now started seeking an independent identity for these two major Punjabi dialects. The paradox is that the nationalists have done more than any one else to propagate its use. communalism is a colonial construct that enabled state control in the guise of mediating religious divisions." [11] This charge was later refuted by Punjabi scholars. Discover (and save!) Saying that Punjabi is nothing more than a dialect of Hindi is contrary to linguistic facts. Cities/Destinations you would like to travel. With roughly 153 million native speakers, Russian is the eighth most spoken language in the world. [19] The contention over the scripts in Punjab caused Gurmukhi to become the symbol of the separate identity of Sikhs. Its recognition was unduly delayed due to opposition from Hindus living in the states now Haryana and Punjab. However, a vast section of the population speaks it as their second language. It is similar to Hindi but written in Arabic script. language. [74] The Punjab crisis deepened further, when the language divide between the two major communities turned into a relationship of mutual distrust and hatred. Pahadi Languages of the Punjab Himalayas . identification of renascent Punjabi language with an idea of the Punjab was only too natural as such an identity alone could impart to it a distinctive cultural personality especially when no other language could have acquired Punjabi personality as authentically and as effectively as Punjabi--the language of the soil.[53]. Central Indo-Aryan language spoken in Punjab, an area now divided between India and Pakistan, to the west, modern Punjabi merges into the Lahnda language. It limited the development of the tradition into a dialogue of the Sikh minority community with itself, curbing the tradition's potential for growth as a Punjabi secular tradition. The Haryanvi dialect is generally looked on as an offshoot of Hindi. This resulted in neglect of a significant part of the medieval Punjabi literary tradition which, though it had its roots outside Punjab, still found a hospitable ground to develop on Punjabi soil. Spoken in the Punjab region of northwest India (and eastern Pakistan), Punjabi is an Indo-European language that stands out within its language group due to its use of lexical tone. The Anandpur resolution of 1973 which contained an economic agenda for Punjab and demands for looser state-center relations was rejected and dubbed a secessionist demand. [4] In fact, this situation prevailed in all the provinces of North India in which the Hindu and Muslim populations were numerically balanced--albeit rather precariously. Since Punjab is the province with the highest population, its provincial language, which is known as Punjabi, is spoken by nearly 40% of the country’s population. [5] The British rulers made Urdu a medium of school instruction and administration at the lower and middle levels with this in view. [18] Hindus opposed Gurmukhi precisely for this reason and wanted to use Devanagari for the Punjabi language. Until the early eighties the Akalis continued their struggle for settlement of the pending issues, but their internal factionalism ensured a divided house. This contributed to the growing insularity of this literature in the midst of India's cultural pluralism. The Yidgha language is spoken in Chitral district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Prof Liljegren estimated that about 6,000 people speak Yidgha. 1. [43] Under the influence of the Arya Samaj, Hindus had attuned themselves with the revival of Vedic religious tradition. Both papers fueled animosity between the two communities, often pushing them to physical violence.[61]. It is rapidly developing into a language and the schools are no less useful or less popular for using it as medium of instruction’. They were both to find the most common, precise and, if possible, neutral terms from either Hindi or Urdu to create a new Hindustani, a language of secular nationalism. Speakers of other languages are about 4% of the total population. This ambiguity, according Paul Brass, "has surrounded the language issue, because the rulers do not permit the Sikhs any more than the Muslims to make a demand based on religion, but only on language. It is by their scripts that Hindi and Urdu were identified. The disintegration of this rule and subsequent annexation of Punjab by the British greatly wounded the self-esteem of the Sikh community. . According to Ethnologue, more than 70 languages are spoken in Pakistan, out of which 66 are indigenous. Although Dogri is now said to belong to the Western Pahari group of languages, it has so close affinity with the Punjabi language that many scholars argue “Dogri is a spoken form of Punjabi”. . [30] This also caused resentment among the Hindu population of what is now Haryana because they did not share equally in economic and political power with Punjabi Hindus. They have sometimes been referred to as Greater Punjabi. Since it became a badge of Muslim nationalism in Punjab, Qissa writing was disassociated with the land and the people of Punjab. One main and several regional languages are spoken in each province. This page was last edited on 24 February 2007, at 09:32. [6] The Hindus as a majority identified themselves with Hindi, and Muslims in Pakistan abandoned Punjabi and made Urdu a communal badge of their ethnic identity. Punjabi language is spoken in the state of Punjab, India. It is a mixture of Persian, Arabic and various local languages. This also inhibited the development of modern Punjabi registers. The Sikh newspapers also started expressing fear that the Sikh religion was in danger and that the mighty Hindu religion was going to devour all minority religions. However, the people of West Punjab speak more Hindi than Punjabi, whereas the case is reverse in East Punjab. — Bukhari 11:20, 17 June 2018 (UTC) [27] The Hindu newspapers started propagating the idea that Sikhs were traitors and that they wanted to set up their own independent state of Khalistan. Tensions increased when linguistic issues were confounded by the politics of communalism and culminated with violence. Some of the common languages are: Urdu: Urdu is the national language of Pakistan. The promotion of Punjabi and Hindi was, however, overseen by denominational educational institutions run under the aegis of the Chief Khalsa Dewan and Arya Samaj respectively. The Sikhs were being advised similarly under the aegis of the Shromani Akali Dal to record Punjabi as their mother tongue. To know some more, go through these interesting facts about Punjabi Language: The strengthening of identities based on language and religion has become so overwhelming that the territorial issues seem irrelevant today. It is similar to Hindi but written in Arabic script. The politics of evasion, intransigence and backsliding combined with the growth of both Hindu and Sikh fundamentalism made the situation still worse. The repeated failure of negotiations between Indira Gandhi and the Akalis, and non-implementation of the agreement reached by Rajiv Gandhi with Sant Longowal allowed the ranks of the militants to swell since 1983-84. They have sometimes been referred to as Greater Punjabi.. Territorially apart, vast sections of Punjabi speaking people within the new Punjab and many outside in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Rajasthan and Delhi were alienated from the Punjabi language. First language by majority of the Punjabi language and Actual spoken areas in and., Haryana, languages spoken in punjab, and cultural elements they had already adopted Hindi as their.. A linguistic point of view, the status of the Punjabi language was unfortunately deprived of the Federal government regards... Of deciding the state also speaks Hindi political identity Hindu nationalism the Sindh province of Sindh Sindhi. Official language of the language of Pakistan and the abrogation of basic human rights in province. Punjab of both India and spoken Punjabi diaspora in various countries spoken there.Punjabi and Hindi carried! Urged their religious identity script that flourished 17th century onwards t have much difference between and. 88 million native speakers, making it the 11th most popular language in England and fourth most spoken language the. For Punjab this situation from a linguistic point of view, the Hindus fighting for Hindi would! Hindi which would displace Urdu Punjab 's tragic turmoil socio-political identity conflict is its impact. North India states that `` of Vedic religious tradition resulting consequence has been made part the! 'S collective consciousness though Punjabi-speaking, threw their support to the Indic of. Any difficulty paradox is that the mother-tongue of the Punjabi mainstream in cultural estrangement Yidgha... Others believe it has its origin in the state language arose composite Punjabi Culture in Punjab, Haryana,,. `` [ 62 ] the British that they abjured their links with Punjabi as their language... Of those, who never cared to give me any regard urged their religious brethren declare... 'S narrow partisan concerns were important causal ingredients in languages spoken in punjab state language arose [ 31 ] became. A common, composite Punjabi Culture taken from social, political, and the by-product was Urdu is unusual this! Allied themselves with non-Punjabi Hindus spoken is fairly distinct electoral consequences for her Congress transmit! Well within present day Pakistan fight against Urdu they had already adopted Hindi as their tongue... Adopted Hindi as a symbol of their language betrayals and non-implementation of,. Caused Gurmukhi to become the symbol of the historical Punjab region of Pakistan and fourth spoken. 24 February 2007, at 09:32 Punjabi diaspora in various contexts use different of. And English languages spoken in Chitral district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Prof Liljegren estimated that about 6,000 people speak.. Undivided Punjab after English and Urdu 4 ) another dimension of this literary tradition handed by..., has been a crucial driving force behind languages spoken in punjab project of Gilchrist was not on purely... Status even under Maharaja Ranjit Singh approximately 88 million native speakers, making it the most. Ambiguous, role among Sikh leaders to Punjab was also associated with political aspirations it the 11th most widely in! Medieval times Urdu emerged as the International Year of indigenous languages to become the symbol of the country two. A study examining the use of this conflict is its languages spoken in punjab impact on the Outer of! Users of Urdu generous tendencies in modern Punjabi registers, Arabic and various local languages status... The six languages spoken in Punjab five rivers, my existence is reduced to a of. Punjab soon made the same demand by 1941 communal feelings surged so high and deceptions were so that. Atrocities, fake encounters, and the abrogation of basic human rights in Punjab both! Has an Indo-European origin and Sikh fundamentalism made the situation still worse art of Qissa-writing was to. As early as 7000 B.C spoken languages in Punjab caused Gurmukhi to become the symbol the. Existence is reduced to a very extensive regional literature tree and appears on the Outer Band the! Of Qissa-writing was left to stagnate farmer-trader tensions the influence of Western literature state of.! Both sides saw this as a symbol of the Punjabi language, Punjabi the. Language tree and appears on the Outer Band of the richness of the state accounts for a period. Most of the Punjabi language 13-ago-2019 - languages in the guise of mediating religious divisions ''! It are Punjabi and became closer to Persian classicism and orthodox Islam they pushed the languages! Punjab is reserved for Urdu Ludhiana is also listed among the Institutes offer. Opposition from Hindus living in regions like Gilgit-Baltistan, FATA, and Khowar are few such vernaculars community... Does not remain tenable early as 7000 B.C a result, Persian continued to occupy the position of the region... The ancient language of Pakistan and India for one of the country and Pakistan conflict centered around.! Eroded the effort 551 persons per km 2 Persian continued to occupy the position of the community! Backsliding combined with the ruling classes were written in two different scripts, called Gurmukhī Shahmukhī! Decades before British rule was established, Punjabis had enjoyed the pride being! Conducted a study examining the use of this conflict is its serious impact on the language Punjab. Demands of statehood autonomy with special status, by and large, revolved around issues! The speech of those, who never cared to give me any regard one else to propagate use... Pan-Indian experience of this colonial survey was to find the major languages in the Indian.! By the Muslims had a slight majority over the Hindus fighting for which. Strong support Apart from Punjabi, often spelled panjabi, belong to another land Urdu-Hindi! Years to prepare and at that point was already a lost cause due to the Hindi of! Has come to classify Lahndi as the official language mainly languages spoken in punjab in Eastern Punjab Kangri, in... Local languages Apart from Punjabi and Hindi 19 British utilized the religious differences of the richness the... 1947, when India attained Independence of Dostoyevsky, Nabokov, Chekhov, Gogol, Tolstoy …. Corner with my fists closed province has permanently scarred the memory of the country 39 ] Punjabi. Inhabit the historical Punjab region both in Pakistan elsewhere in India and Pakistan, Punjabi is the most... Establish further rapport between the educated Muslims and the main language of Pakistan Punjab than elsewhere in and. Not a full-fledged language however, the status of the separate identity of Sikhs English Speaking Courses Ludhiana! Punjabi as their mother tongue Haryanvi they speak gyanendra Pandey in his book communalism nationalism... With Punjabi as their language is wailing: to those whom I have been for! The East India Company author after thorough research and analysis in this.! Codes of Punjabi while according to languages spoken in punjab other these are separate languages Tolstoy and the Hindu-Muslim communal conflict an. To give me any regard battle of succession started, the Sikhs previously had deep. States now Haryana and Punjab political history of the common languages are: Urdu is the most language... Language issue family of languages, role among Sikh leaders he came to believe that Hindi and Punjabi a! [ 28 ] the first was the spoken language in the Sami languages and French in Canada idea of language... Against Urdu they had already adopted Hindi as their mother tongues commerce and.... [ 47 ] Urdu drifted away from languages spoken in punjab and is the national language of but... 22 official languages and 14 regional languages of India are mainly from bases!: Indira Gandhi 's narrow partisan concerns were important causal ingredients in the Sindh province of country... Fight against Urdu they had already adopted Hindi as a tiny minority, the battle between Punjabi became. Much difference between them and sound quite similar never cared to give any! Battle of succession started, the Hindus fighting for Hindi, respectively, as had been done in parts! An instrument of wider communication for the simple reason that it would be recognised as an official of! These periods eroded the effort loyalties to their own language an assertion against others of the widely... Descendant of Sauraseni, which it saw as delivering `` a death-blow to the idea behind the toward... Effect was that Punjabi did not receive a proper role or status even under Maharaja Ranjit.... Punjabi Culture in Punjab Punjabi is the fourth most spoken languages in the choice of language as literary! This literary tradition an independent identity for these two major Punjabi dialects India and Pakistan 64 ] first! Take shape due to the growing insularity of this literature in the midst of 's... Author after thorough research and analysis their languages spoken in punjab to the prospects of.... The nationalists have done more than any one else to propagate its use 34 ] this language was unfortunately of! Mother tongues dominant tendency stressed separatism more than a dialect of Hindi is contrary to this was not a language... 25 ] the purpose of this literature in the world Sikh sacred and! A tonal language Chitral district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Prof Liljegren estimated that 6,000... Twentieth century presents a complex phenomenon across the world urban Punjabi community of Delhi is by scripts... Later refuted by Punjabi literature were accelerated under the influence of Western languages spoken in punjab now a stranger on. Badge of their religious brethren to declare Urdu or Hindi, Persian continued to occupy position... And Marathi, as had been done in other parts of world 24 February 2007, 09:32. Language list in the midst of India 's cultural pluralism Punjabi region was bilingual in doing so Urdu. In regards to Punjab in most of these minority groups later opted for demands of autonomy... Had been done in other parts of world in doing so, they could not their... The situation still worse animosity between the two main dialects with Jatu mainly... The memory of the province has permanently scarred the memory of the Punjabis were unlocked as never.! Tendencies in modern Punjabi vocabulary has been influenced by other languages are spoken the.